Environmental consulting is another career option for research scientists. Consulting companies range in size and scope from large, international, multi-specialty firms to small companies specializing in one field. Consulting careers have offered researchers many opportunities in the past. Whether or not this trend will continue is hard to predict. The field is highly competitive and, as such, often requires competent presentation skills. Keep in mind that most consultants have prior experience in some aspect of research or teaching before venturing out on their own or joining a consulting firm.

An increasingly attractive option for many scientists and engineers is starting a business. This allows for flexibility and may be a way to combine a part-time teaching position with independent research and "research for hire." On the down-side, one should be willing to put in long hours and a fair amount of unpaid work in order to get established.